Enter a number to get the Roman numeral, or a Roman numeral to get the number. The converter checks that what you typed is a valid numeral, handles numbers up to 3,999,999, and has a date tab that turns a year or a full date into Roman numerals.
From 1 to 3,999,999
That looks like a Roman numeral.
Type a number from 1 to 3,999,999 or a Roman numeral: the result and the explanation appear here.
Handy for a tattoo, a wedding invitation or an engraving: always double-check before you engrave.
Pick a date from the calendar or type it in the three boxes: the date in Roman numerals appears here.
The 7 Roman numeral symbols
Tap a symbol to convert it.
| Symbol | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | 1 | 5 | 10 | 50 | 100 | 500 | 1000 |
A bar on top makes a symbol worth 1,000 times more: V̅ = 5,000, X̅ = 10,000.
How to use the converter
Type a number from 1 to 3,999,999 in the first box, or a Roman numeral such as MCMXCIV in the second. Both boxes update as you type. If you type a non-standard sequence, such as IIII, IC or VV, the converter explains which rule it breaks.
Quick examples
Try 4 (IV), 9 (IX), 14 (XIV), 40 (XL), 90 (XC), 400 (CD), 1994 (MCMXCIV), 2026 (MMXXVI). The page lists 13 clickable examples.
Dates in Roman numerals
Enter the month, day and year in three boxes, and the Date tab turns the date into Roman numerals in US order: month, day, year. You can separate the parts with dots, dashes, middle dots, slashes or spaces. This is how Roman numerals appear on monuments, film credits and tattoos.
Numbers above 3,999
Standard Roman numerals stop at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). To go higher, a bar over a numeral multiplies it by 1,000, so V with a bar is 5,000. Where a bar cannot be typed, parentheses are used instead: (V) is 5,000. The converter shows both forms up to 3,999,999.
Rules for valid Roman numerals
- Symbols: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000
- A smaller symbol before a larger one subtracts: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900
- Symbols I, X, C and M repeat at most three times in a row; V, L and D never repeat
- Only I, X and C can be subtracted, and only from the next two larger symbols
Common mistakes
IIII for 4 appears on some clock faces but is not standard. IC for 99, IL for 49 and VV for 10 are invalid; the correct forms are XCIX, XLIX and X. MIM for 1,999 is wrong; write MCMXCIX.
Roman numerals chart and printables
- Roman numerals chart: the numerals from 1 to 100 and how bigger numbers are built, with printable PDFs
Frequently asked questions
How do I write 2026 in Roman numerals?
MMXXVI: MM is 2,000, XX is 20 and VI is 6.
What is the largest number in Roman numerals?
In the standard system, 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). With a bar over the numeral, the converter goes up to 3,999,999.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero; the word nulla was sometimes used in medieval texts.
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
The subtractive form IV is the standard in modern use. IIII is seen on some clocks and in older inscriptions.
How do I convert a date to Roman numerals?
Use the Date tab: enter month, day and year, and each part is converted separately.